交通土建工程自考：2013年4月工程應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)歷年真題及答案06269

以下由湖南自考生網(wǎng)為考生整理交通土建工程自考：2013年4月工程應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)歷年真題及答案06269。

2013年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試

工程應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)試題

課程代碼：06269

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共20小題，每小題1分，共20分)

1. Clayey materials are most suitable for the lime stabilization,      these materials should also have PI values less than 10 for the lime stabilization to be most effective.（ B ）

    A. therefore                          B. for

    C. because                           D. but

2. Leaf pier is common in modem bridge construction,       it is economic to construct. （ A ）

    A. since          B. although      C. provided       D. if

3. Roadbeds       highway pavement structures and the ballast and track on which trains move. （ B ）

    A. lie above                          B. underlie

    C. lie left                          D. lie right

4. Major drainage structures are usually large bridges and multi-span        （ A ）

    A. culverts        B. bridges        C. dams          D. tunnels

5.        was the original location techniques available to highway engineers until developments in electronics. （ C ）

   A. Remote sensing                   B. Photogrammetry

   C. Ground survey                    D. GPS

 6. Railroad trains must follow the precise alignment of the tracks, and the discomfort    described above can be avoided only by adopting        （ D ）

     A. simple curve                       B. compound curve

     C. spiral curve                        D. easement curve

 7.        training can be acquired to translate theory into practice to the supervisors. （ C ）

     A. On-the-duty                       B. On-the-spot

     C. On-the-job                       D. On-the-line

 8. The unit price contract is adapted to highway engineering, because usually it is not possible     to determine exact quantities of some items of work     construction is completed. （ B ）

     A. while          B. before          C. after           D. as

 9. The new design standards require     and other structures to lessen a vehicle's impact. （ B ）

     A. door latch                         B. guard rails

     C. emergency lights                   D. brakes

10.     rods are bent into the shapes to give them the necessary degree of tensile strength. （ D ）

     A. Concrete       B. Brick          C. Plastic         D. Steel

11. The benefit-cost ratio method is used for evaluating the      and environmental     feasibility of the alternative routes. （ B ）

     A. social          B. economical     C. chemical       D. physical

12. As a rule,       is not entitled to any payment if he abandons the work prior to     completion. （ B ）

     A. the manager                       B. the contractor

     C. the carrier                         D. the employer

13. The radius of a tangent is      , and that of a curve is finite. （ D ）

     A. limit           B. limited         C. infinite         D. finite

14. In different kinds of asphalts,      is a gap graded material with less coarse aggregate. （ A ）

     A. hot rolled asphalt                   B. porous asphalt

     C. asphaltic concrete                   D. dense bitumen macadam

15. Rippers have been used successfully to       loose or fractured rock in recent years. （ C ）

     A. break down                        B. break even

     C. break up                          D. break away

16. Signing for freeways should be planned concurrently with the       design. （ C ）

     A. plastic         B. elastic         C. geometric      D. liner

17. The highway construction may also cause      impacts on the surroundings. （ D ）

     A. helpful         B. favorable       C. profitable      D. adverse

18. In the selection of equipment, a track or wheel type bulldozer is       to earthmoving of     considerably long hauls. （ D ）

    A. used          B. suitable        C. adapted        D. not suitable

19. The designed highway alignment must meet the technical   of the highway          engineering. （ B ）

          A. strategy        B. standard       C. philosophy     D. policy

20. When a saw begins to bind, the wood is        because the fibers in it are being pushed          together. （ A ）

      A. in compression   B. in tension      C. in pull apart     D. in stretching

二、閱讀理解題（本大題共20小題，每小題2分，共40分）

Passage One

Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized university  education. In the university, mathematics, physics, and chemistry are heavily emphasized throughout the engineering curriculum, particularly in the first two or three years. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering, so it is greatly stressed. Today, mathematics includes courses in statistics, which deals with gathering, classifying, and using numerical data, or pieces of information. An important aspect of statistical mathematics is probability, which deals with what may happen when there are different factors, or variables, that can change the results of a problem. Before the construction of a bridge is undertaken, for example, a statistical study is made of the amount of traffic the bridge will be expected to handle. In the design of the bridge, variables such as water pressure on the foundations, impact, the effects of different wind forces, and many other factors must be considered.

21. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering so        （ D ）

A. everyone is supposed to pass it       B. it is nearly stressed

C. it is not stressed                   D. it is greatly stressed

22. In mathematics, statistics deals with         （ B ）

   A. listening and speaking

   B. gathering, classifying and using pieces of information

C. reading and writing

D. the study of mathematics

23. An important aspect of statistical mathematics is        （ A ）

A. probability                       B. different factors

C. variables                         D. numbers

24. Which one of the following is the main meaning of the passage? （ B ）

A. Physics is very important in all branches of engineering.

B. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering.

C. Chemistry is very important in all branches of engineering.

D. All subjects are important for university students.

Passage Two

The uses of relatively new structural material are constantly being developed. The current tendency is to develop lighter materials. Aluminum, for example, weighs much less than steel but has many of the same properties. Aluminum beams have already been used for bridge construction and for the framework of a few buildings. Attempts are also being made to produce concrete with more strength and durability, and with a lighter weight. One system that helps cut concrete weight to some extent uses polymers, which are long chainlike compounds used in plastics, as part of the mixture.

25. The current trend of structural materials is         （ B ）

A. to develop heavier materials          B. to develop lighter materials

C. to develop fewer materials            D. to develop more materials

26. Aluminum weighs        （ A ）

A. much less than steel                B. the same as steel

C. much heavier than steel              D. much more than steel

27. Aluminum has       （ C ）

A. some properties of steel             B. few properties of steel

C. many of the same properties of steel   D. no properties of steel

28. Which of the following is true? （ B ）

A. Aluminum beams can't be used for bridge construction.

B. Aluminum beams can't only be used for bridge construction but also the framework of               a few buildings.

C. Aluminum beams can't be used for the framework of a few buildings.

D. Aluminum beams can only be used for the framework of a few buildings.

Passage Three

Whereas steel has great tensile strength, concrete has great strength under compression. Thus, the two substances complement each other. Steel and concrete also complement each other in another way: they have almost the same rate of contraction and expansion. They therefore can work together in situations where both compression and tension are factors. Steel rods are embedded in concrete to make reinforced concrete in concrete beams or structures where tension will develop. Concrete and steel also form such a strong bonds--the force that unites them--that the steel cannot slip within the concrete. Still another advantage is that steel does not rust in concrete. Acid corrodes steel, whereas concrete has an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid.

29. Steel and concrete have           （ C ）

A. different rate of contraction

B. different rate of expansion

C. almost the same rate of contraction and expansion

D. counteracted each other

30. We can know from the passage that reinforced concrete is        （ A ）

A. steel rods which are embedded in concrete beams

B. concrete which is embedded in steel rods

C. steel rods which react with concrete

D. steel rods which counteract with concrete

31. Which of the following is true? （ C ）

A. steel can rust in concrete

B. concrete can corrode steel

C. steel does not rust in concrete

D. steel and concrete have physical reaction

32. According to the passage, concrete has        （ B ）

A. some kind of chemical that corrodes steel

B. an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid

C. some kind of acid

D. a physical reaction

Passage Four

It is well-known that civil engineering projects are almost unique; that is, each has its own problems and design features. Therefore, careful study is given to each project even before design work begins. The study includes a survey both of topography and subsoil features of the proposed site. It also includes a consideration of possible alternatives, such as a concrete gravity dam or an earth-fill embankment dam. The economic factors involved in each of the possible alternatives must also be weighed. Today, a study usually includes a consideration of the environmental impact of the project. Many engineers, usually working as a team that includes surveyors, specialists in soil mechanics, and experts in design and construction, are involved in making these feasibility studies.

33. It is well-known that civil engineering projects are        （ A ）

A. almost always distinctive            B. the similar

C. alike                            D. the same

34. Each project      before design work begins. （ D ）

A. may not be considered

B. can't be studied

C. should not be taken into consideration

D. must be studied carefully

35. The study, which must consider not only structural features but also economic factors and          possible alternatives or other choices, is called        （ B ）

A. system engineering                B. feasibility study

C. structural design                   D. quality analysis

36. Which of the following is true? （ A ）

A. Today civil engineering project need consider the environmental impact of the project.

B. Today the study about civil engineering project needn't consider the environmental               impact of the project.

C. Today the study about civil engineering project needn't consider the resource impact of               the project.

D. Today the study about civil engineering need not consider the economic factor of the               project.

Passage Five

As we all know, vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the driver and his passengers in case an accident occurs due to some other failure in the highway system. Examples of this type of design are safety belts and shoulder harnesses, safer door latches, non-shattering windshields, and energy absorbing steering columns. Improvements are made constantly in the parts of a vehicle which are obvious to the driver. These parts include windshield wipers, headlamps, brakes, steering suspension, and the exhaust system. The introduction of front and rear directional signals contributes greatly to motor vehicle safety. Stop lights, backup lights, and four-way emergency flashers also aid in vehicle safety. Four-way emergency flashers have become standard equipment for vehicles.

37. According to the passage, which is NOT mentioned? （ C ）

A. safety belts                       B. safer door latches

C. brake pedal                       D. stop lights

38. According to the passage, which has become the standard equipment for vehicles? （ D ）

A. safety belts                       B. guard rail

C. ventilating system                  D. four-way emergency flashers

39. Which of the following is true? （ B ）

A. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the vehicles.

B. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the persons               who drives the vehicles.

C. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the pedestrians.

D. Vehicular safety design usually centers on creating comfort of the passengers and the               pedestrians.

40. According to the passage, which design is described? （ A ）

A. vehicular safety                   B. vehicular structure

C. vehicular power                   D. vehicular fashion

三、填空題（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）

41. The use of uniform traffic control devices will reduce driver reaction time  as well as  confusion.

42. Removal, relocation and redesign of fixed obstructions, can provide a clear  recovery  area           for vehicles out of control.

43. Relocation and reduction in the height of the brake pedal has meant that the brake can be           applied  much  rapidly.

44. The safe performance of the brake system  under  high temperatures has been ensured.

45. No figures  are  available to justify it.

46. For the driver's vision, in the body of the automobile, both side and rear windows have           been greatly  enlarged  in area.

47. A tender is normally required to be a definite  offer  

48. Highway improvement is also a key factor  in  preventing accidents.

49. Some contracts must be made in a particular   from   to be enforceable.

50. Terminology concerned  with  highway preservation varies considerably from country to           country.

四、英譯漢題（本大題共5小題，每小題3分，共15分）

51. As we have seen, civil engineers work on many different kinds of structures.

譯：就像我們所看見的那樣，土木工程師對(duì)很多不同各類的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究。

52. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering.

譯：在所有所工程學(xué)領(lǐng)域，數(shù)學(xué)都是非常重要的。

53. Of course, computers can solve many problems involving calculations with greater           accuracy and greater speed.

譯：當(dāng)然，計(jì)算機(jī)可以解決很多問題，能以更高的精確率和更高的速度來計(jì)算。

54. We have already discussed the relationship between engineering and society.

譯：我們已經(jīng)討論了工程學(xué)和社會(huì)之間的關(guān)系。

55. When the young engineer has finally started actual practice, the theoretical knowledge           acquired in the university must be applied.

譯：當(dāng)年輕的工程師最終開始真正的實(shí)踐，就必須使用上大學(xué)里學(xué)到的理論知識(shí)。

五、漢譯英題（本大題共3小句，每小句5分，共15分）    

56.發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)是由發(fā)展了很多年的交通運(yùn)輸模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成。它是由交通工具、道路、站場(chǎng)設(shè)施和控制系統(tǒng)組成。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)也要求與使用者、操作者和環(huán)境的相互作用。

譯：Transportation system in a developed nation consists of a network of modes that have wolved over many years. The system consists of vehicles, guideways, terminal acilities, and control system. The system also requires interaction with the users, the perator and the environment.

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