交通土建工程自考：2013年10月工程應(yīng)用英語歷年真題及答案06269

以下由湖南自考生網(wǎng)為考生整理交通土建工程自考：2013年10月工程應(yīng)用英語歷年真題及答案06269。

2013年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試

工程應(yīng)用英語試題

課程代碼：06269

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共20小題，每小題1分，共20分)

1. Selecting a mode to haul freight follows a similar       （ A ）

    A. approach       B. service         C. advantage      D. invention

2. As these change      time, the transportation system will also be changed. （ B ）

    A. during         B. over           C. after           D. by

3. Engineers often work as       to architectural or construction firms. （ C ）

    A. workers        B. managers      C. consultants     D. carders

4.        the site precedes all grading and most other construction operations. （ A ）

    A. Clearing       B. Cleaning       C. Constructing    D. Cultivating

5. The       of windshield wipers, fresh air ventilating systems, had result in greater vehicle    safety. （ C ）

    A. review         B. regain         C. redesign       D. retain

6. No attempt was made to control      content or to secure compaction. （ A ）

    A. moisture       B. net            C. gross          D. protein

7. Today, scientific data permit the engineer to make careful calculations       （ D ）

    A. inaccurately    B. in no trend     C. late           D. in advance

 8. The word 'contract' is derived from the Latin 'contractum', meaning     together. （ C ）

     A. pull           B. push          C. drawn         D. press

 9. Relocation and reduction in height of the      has meant that the driver's total reaction     time has been reduced. （ B ）

     A. door latch      B. brake pedal     C. steering wheel   D. emergency lights

10.        is the dominant transportation mode in passenger travel. （ B ）

     A. Air transportation                  B. Highway transportation

     C. Railway transportation              D. Water transportation

11. The simplest and generally least costly form of interchange is the        （ A ）

     A. diamond       B. trumpet        C. direct          D. cloverleaf

12. In ground survey, a       is only used for measuring the vertical heights of objects. （ A ）

     A. level          B. total station     C. transit         D. tape

13. If Party A commissions Party B to execute the construction work, then Party B is referred       to as       （ B ）

     A. the employer    B. the contractor   C. the tender      D. the carrier

14. In different transportation modes,      is not an advantage of highway transportation. （ A ）

     A. Fast speed                      B. Flexibility

     C. Providing door-to-door service        D. Carrying a variety of parcel sizes

15. According to civil engineering contract terms, the force-account work should be checked     and approved daily by       （ D ）

     A. the employer                     B. the contractor

     C. the carder                        D. both A and B

16. Areas of research connected with civil engineering include soil mechanics and     techniques. （ C ）

     A. electronic                        B. electrical

     C. soil stabilization                   D. mechanical

17. In civil engineering, construction is a      process on almost all engineering projects. （ B ）

     A. easy           B. complicated    C. simple         D. likely

18. Material for embankment commonly comes from roadway cuts or designated       （ C ）

     A. fills                             B. waste deposits

     C. borrow areas                      D. sites

19. As a structural material, concrete is very        （ D ）

     A. definite                          B. infinite

     C. constant                         D. versatile

20. Steel has great tensile strength while concrete has great compressive strength, thus, the two     substances        each other. （ C ）

     A. counteract                        B. offset

     C. complement                      D. nullify

二、閱讀理解題（本大題共20小題，每小題2分，共40分）

Passage One

The contractor is not entitled to receive payment in full until the work is satisfactorily completed. That work must be completed to the satisfaction of the employer, or his representatives, does not give the employer the right to demand an unusually high standard of quality throughout the works, in the absence of a prior express agreement. Otherwise the employer might be able to postpone indefinitely his liability to pay for the works. The employer is normally only entitled to expect a standard of work that would be regarded as reasonable by the competent persons with considerable experience in the class of work covered by the particular contract. The detailed requirements of the specification will have a considerable bearing on these matters.

21. The civil engineering work must be completed to the satisfaction of      （ B ）

A. the contractor

B. the promoter or his representative

C. the auditor

D. the workers

22. It does not give the employer the right to demand        （ D ）

A. an usually high standard of quality throughout the works

B. an usually high requirements for the work to be done

C. the Ministry standard of quality throughout the works

D. an unusually high standard of quality throughout the works

23. In the absence of a prior express agreement, the employer might be able to        his           liability to pay for the works. （ C ）

A. terminate immediately      B. postpone definitely

C. postpone indefinitely       D. postpone unjustly

24. The employer is normally only entitled to expect a standard of work would be regarded as           reasonable by        （ C ）

A. employers                        B. top persons

C. competent persons                 D. all the participants

Passage Two

A civil engineer must understand different stresses the structure withstands when it is in use. Altogether, three forces can act on a structure: vertical--those that act up or down; horizontal—those that act sideway; and those that act upon it with a rotating or turning motion. Forces that act at an angle are combination of horizontal and vertical forces. Since the structures designed by civil engineers are intended to be stationary or stable, these forces must be kept in balance. The vertical forces, for example, must be equal to each other. If a beam supports a load above, the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight. The horizontal forces must also equal each other so that there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left. And forces that might pull the structure around must be countered with forces that pull in the opposite direction.

25. Horizontal forces       （ B ）

A. act up or down

B. act sideways

C. act upon it with rotating or turning motion

D. in a round way

26. Forces acting at an angle are combination of       （ A ）

A. horizontal and vertical forces

B. horizontal and rotating forces

C. turning and vertical forces

D. vertical and rotating forces

27. The horizontal forces must equal each other so that       （ D ）

A. there is not too much thrust either up or down

B. there is not too much thrust either rotating or turning

C. it can work in a reasonable way

D. there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left

28. Which of the following is tree? （ B ）

A. Three forces acting on a structure need not be kept in balance

B. Three forces acting on a structure must be kept in balance

C. Three forces acting on a structure must be less

D. Three forces acting on a structure must be more

Passage Three

As we all know, vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the driver and his passengers in case an accident occurs due to some other failure in the highway system. Examples of this type of design are safety belts and shoulder harnesses, safer door latches, non-shattering windshields, and energy absorbing steering columns. Improvements are made constantly in the parts of a vehicle which are obvious to the driver. These parts include windshield wipers, headlamps, brakes, steering suspension, and the exhaust system. The introduction of front and rear directional signals contributes greatly to motor vehicle safety. Stop lights, backup lights, and four-way emergency flashers also aid in vehicle safety. Four-way emergency flashers have become standard equipment for vehicles.

29. According to the passage, which is NOT mentioned? （ C ）

A. safety belts                       B. safer door latches

C. brake pedal                      D. stop lights

30. According to the passage, which has become the standard equipment for vehicles? （ D ）

A. energy absorbing steering columns    B. guard rail

C. ventilating system                  D. four-way emergency flashers

31. Which of the following is tree? （ B ）

A. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the vehicles

B. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the persons               who drives the vehicles

C. Vehicular safety design usually centers on protecting the passengers and the pedestrians

D. Vehicular safety design usually centers on creating comfort of the passengers and the                pedestrians

32. According to the passage, which design is described? （ A ）

A. vehicular safety                    B. vehicular structure

C. vehicular power                    D. vehicular fashion

Passage Four

Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized university education. In the university, mathematics, physics, and chemistry are heavily emphasized throughout the engineering curriculum, particularly in the first two or three years. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering, so it is greatly stressed. Today, mathematics includes courses in statistics, which deals with gathering, classifying, and using numerical data, or pieces of information. An important aspect of statistical mathematics is probability, which deals with what may happen when there are different factors, or variables, that can change the results of a problem. Before the construction of a bridge is undertaken, for example, a statistical study is made of the amount of traffic the bridge will be expected to handle. In the design of the bridge, variables such as water pressure on the foundations, impact, the effects of different wind forces, and many other factors must be considered.

33. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering so      （ D ）

A. everyone is supposed to pass it       B. it is nearly stressed

C. it is not stressed                   D. it is greatly stressed

34. In mathematics, statistics deals with         （ B ）

A. listening and speaking

B. gathering, classifying and using pieces of information

C. reading and writing

D. the study of mathematics

35. An important aspect of statistical mathematics is       （ A ）

A. probability                       B. different factors

C. variables                         D. numbers

36. Which one of the following is the main meaning of the passage? （ B ）

A. Physics is very important in all branches of engineering

B. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering

C. Chemistry is very important in all branches of engineering

D. All subjects are important for university students

Passage Five

In road construction, clearing the site precedes all grading and most other construction operations. Site clearing in rural areas may sometimes merely require that grass, shrubs, and other plants or crops be removed. However, it sometimes can involve removing trees and tree stumps and disposing of the debris. The accepted procedure is to remove practically all vegetable matter from the original ground and from fill material, since, if allowed to remain; it may decay and leave voids that result in settlement. Selective clearing in adjoining areas may at times be required.

37. According to the passage, which is the main topic? （ B ）

A. Excavation                       B. Site clearing

C. Embankment                     D. Sweeping of the floor

38. According to the passage,        is NOT removed in rural areas. （ C ）

A. shrubs         B. crops          C. earth           D. grass

39. If all vegetable is allowed to remain,        （ D ）

A. it may cause shortage of vegetable in the market

B. it may grow fast

C. it may grow again in the new season

D. it may decay and leave voids

40. Sometimes it is required selective clearing in       （ A ）

A. adjacent areas                      B. far areas

C. rural areas                         D. mountain areas

三、填空題（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）

41. Computers are  useless  unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information.

42. Ordinarily large projects employ several engineers whose work is coordinated by a  systems engineer  

43. Major drainage structures are usually large bridges and multi-span  culverts  

44. Both  steel and cement  , the two most important construction materials of modem times, were introduced in the nineteenth century.

45. The term  embankment  describes the fill added above the low points along the roadway to raise the level to the bottom of the pavement structure.

46. People select  air transportation  to carry important goods when time is at a premium.

47. In preliminary location survey, the benefit-cost ratio method is used for evaluating the  economical  and environmental feasibility of the alternative routes.

48. In reconnaissance survey, a unique bridge site or a mountain pass also may become a      primary  control point  

49. In most cases, the tender may be  withdrawn  at any time until it has been accepted.

50. The weight of all the people, cars, furniture, and machines and so on that the structure will     support when it is in use is  live load  

四、英譯漢題（本大題共5小題，每小題3分，共15分）

51. They also work for consulting firms that carry out the planning and engineering tasks for     these organizations.

譯：他們也為咨詢公司工作，這些公司為一些單位進(jìn)行規(guī)劃和工程設(shè)計(jì)方面的事物。

52. During the past century, transportation engineers have been employed to build the nation's     railroads.

譯：在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)，交通工程師是來為這個(gè)國(guó)家建造鐵路的。

53. Highway construction will be required, particularly in the suburban areas.

譯：公路建設(shè)被提上日程，特別是在市郊地區(qū)。

54. Transportation planning deals with the selection of projects for design and construction.

譯：交通規(guī)劃就是對(duì)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)和建造進(jìn)行選擇。

55. In civil engineering, the outstanding people sometimes work in design.

譯：在土木工程領(lǐng)域，優(yōu)秀人才有時(shí)從事設(shè)計(jì)工作。

五、漢譯英題（本大題共3小句，每小句5分，共15分）    

56. 現(xiàn)代水泥，稱為波特蘭水泥，發(fā)明于1824年。它是石灰石和粘土的混合物，加熱后碾碎成粉。在施工現(xiàn)代或者靠近施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，水泥與沙子，集料（小石頭，壓碎的巖石或者礫石）加上水拌合制成混凝土。

譯：Modem cement, called Portland cement, was invented in 1824. It is a mixture of limestone and clay, which is heated and then ground into a powder. It is mixed at or near the construction site with sand, aggregate (small stones, Crushed rocks or gravel) and water to make concrete.

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