2009年4月自考00595英語閱讀（一）真題及答案

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        自考00595英語閱讀（一）真題、資料、教材

2009年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試

 英語閱讀（一）試題

課程代碼:00595

點擊查找本套試卷答案

        I.CAREFUL READING

        Read the following passages carefully.Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points,2 points each)

        Passage 1

        Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

        Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between nations and that,if countries play games together,they will learn to live together.Others say that the opposite is true:international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred.There is probably some truth in both arguments,but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood.Apart from tragic incidents involving the murder of athletes,the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by international contests.

        One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after a hockey final.There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match,the losers objecting to the final decision.They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’victory was unfair.Their manager was in a rage when he said:“This wasn’t hockey.Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.”The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.

        The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia,after a disputable end to their contest.The game had ended in disturbance.It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point,but it was announced that there were still three seconds to play.A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other,and another player popped it into the basket.It was the first time the U.S.A had ever lost an Olympic basketball match.A judging panel debated the matter for four and a half hours without changing the original decision.The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.

        Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game.The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals,or on non-national teams,might be too much to hope for,but in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.

        1.The author cites two examples in the passage to show that _______.

        A.athletes should compete as individuals

        B.sports encourage aggressive patriotism

        C.athletes should compete on national teams

        D.sports encourage international brotherhood

        2.The American basketball players eventually _______.

        A.had to agree with the judging panel

        B.had to yield the first place to Russia

        C.decided not to receive the silver medals

        D.decided to protest against the unfair decision

        3.The word“indignation”(para.2)is closest in meaning to _______.

        A.rage B.pleasure

        C.misery D.temper

        4.It can be inferred from the passage that the suggestion mentioned in the last paragraph is ______.

        A.modest B.realistic

        C.impractical D.unreasonable

        5.The author’s attitude toward the present organization of the Olympics is _______.

        A.positive B.negative

        C.impartial D.satirical

        Passage 2

        Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

        Since the Second World War,there has been an obvious trend,especially among the growing group of college students,toward early marriage.Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence,“go steady”through high school,and marry before their formal education has been completed.In some quarters,there is much shaking of graying heads over the ways of rebellious youth.However,emotional maturity does not grow with age;it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five.Some achieve it surprisingly early,while others never do,even in three-score years and ten.

        Many students are marrying as an escape,not only from an unsatisfying home life,but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness.However,any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful.The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one’s problems;more often,it merely worsens them.Furthermore,it is doubtful whether the home is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it;one might say that they are abandoning one idol only to worship another.Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that success is the ultimate good,but they themselves are wrong in believing that they have found the true center of life’s meaning.Their expectations of marriage are essentially unrealistic and therefore incapable of fulfillment.They want too much,and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow.

        Shall we,then,join the chorus of those against early marriages?One cannot generalize:all early marriages are not bad any more than all later ones are good.Satisfactory marriages are determined not by how old one is,but by the emotional maturity of the partners.Therefore,each case must be judged on its own merits.If the early marriage is not an escape,if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations,and if it is economically feasible,why not?Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty,and so can bad ones.

        6.The phrase“go steady”(para.1)can be replaced by _______.

        A.break up very often B.keep changing partners

        C.maintain the relationship D.believe in early marriages

        7.The phrase“shaking of graying heads”(para.1)refers to _______.

        A.the anger of parents

        B.the disapproval of old people

        C.the radical behaviors of the young

        D.the unruly manners of young lovers

        8.Besides escaping from unsatisfying home life,young people also marry early _______.

        A.for personal development B.for financial support

        C.to get rid of their loneliness D.to stay away from their parents

        9.According to the author,marriage more often than not _______.

        A.ends up in divorce B.leads to tragedies

        C.proves to be successful D.worsens one’s problems

        10.The author argues that _______.

        A.older people suspect early marriages

        B.early marriages should not be encouraged

        C.early marriages are not always unsuccessful

        D.older people are wrong about early marriages

        Passage 3

        Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

        A guest at the Holiday Inn on Union Square in San Francisco is attempting to turn on the radio in his room.Not matter which button he pushes,the radio will not play.Finally,the guest reports a defective(有毛病的)radio.A hotel employee soon arrives at the guest’s room with a new radio,a box of chocolates,and flowers.As for the radio already in the room,the employee turns it on without difficulty and quickly reassures the guest that the radio is tricky to operate.The employee shows the guest how to work the radio and pleasantly exits the room,leaving the radios,the chocolates and the flowers.

        An elderly woman is in her favorite food store,Ukrop’s Super Market of Richmond,Virginia.She picks up a large pineapple from the display case,holds it for several moments,and then returns it with obvious reluctance.Ukrop’s president,James Ukrop,witnesses this scene and asks the customer if she would like to buy half of the pineapple,indicating that the store would be glad to cut it in half.The customer accepts and states how she looks forward to visiting Ukrop’s because the staff is so friendly and makes her feel so welcome.

        Night after night,in Aurora,Colorado,police officers answer calls for break-ins of cars parked outside a local dance hall.One officer notes that the burglaries usually involve purses of female customers who say they lock their handbags in their cars,fearing the bags would be stolen from unattended tables during dances.The officer then persuades the dance hall owner to install lockers and the burglary calls drop from dozens each month to two in four months.

        These three stories emphasize our central argument,that is,the essence of services marketing is service.Service quality is the foundation of services marketing,for the core product being marketed is a performance.The performance is the product;the performance is what customers buy.A strong service concept gives companies the opportunity to compete for customers;a strong performance of the service concept builds competitiveness by earning customers’confidence and reinforcing branding,advertising,selling,and pricing.

        11.The radio in the guest’s room at the Holiday Inn does not work because _______.

        A.there are too many buttons on it

        B.there is something wrong with it

        C.it takes a technician to operate it

        D.the guest has not operated it properly

        12.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _______.

        A.the lady doesn’t like the pineapple at first

        B.the lady loves the way the pineapple is arranged

        C.it is natural for the shop to cut the pineapple in half

        D.the shop usually does not sell part of an item to a customer

        13.The third story in the passage shows _______.

        A.the significance of service

        B.the high crime rates in Aurora

        C.the importance of police work

        D.the carelessness of women dancers

        14.In a service business,the product being marketed is _______.

        A.a brand B.a person

        C.a promise D.a performance

        15.The author sets forth the argument of the passage by _______.

        A.finding causes B.giving examples

        C.defining a term D.providing comparisons

        Passage 4

        Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

        Blaming the media for violence is misguided.To better understand the issue of violence and society,it is helpful to examine its historical roots.Certainly not all tribal societies were violent.For example,many native tribes in the American southwest were entirely peaceful.However,for most tribal people throughout most of the world,war and violence have always been part of life.One of our oldest books,the Old Testament,tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples of the Middle East.Likewise,ancient texts such as the Greek Iliad,the Indian Bhagavad-Gita and the Nordic Beowulf all tell tales of war and violence.Certainly the peoples of ancient Babylonia,Greece,India,and Scandinavia were not influenced by the media,yet most of the earliest human records indicate that violence has been an ever-present part of human life.Since violence was with us long before modern media,it seems unlikely that controlling the media now would have much impact on stopping human violence.

        A comparison of violence in nations around the world indicates that there is no relationship between media violence and real violence.In the United States,in 1996,there were 9,390 gun-related deaths.In the same year,Japan had 15 gun-related deaths.Yet the level of violence on television in Japan is higher than that in the U.S.Japanese TV often depicts graphic violence that would not be allowed on U.S.television,and Japanese movie-goers see the same major Hollywood films that Americans see,but street crime is so rare in Tokyo that most people do not worry about it.In contrast,in American cities,people in general,and women in particular,are afraid to walk alone at night.Security is an ever-present concern in the U.S.,where citizens limit their lives in numerous ways to reduce the chances of joining the 11,000 people who are killed by guns in America each year.However,the number of murders in the U.S.is small compared to Columbia,where,for example,23,000 people were murdered in 1999.Columbians have much less exposure to media violence than either Americans or Japanese;they have fewer TV stations and watch fewer films.Indeed,those committing murders in Columbia are often people from the countryside who have the least exposure to the media.Thus people who are not exposed to the media are often more likely to commit violent crimes than those exposed to it.Since Canada borders the U.S.,Canadians receive the same TV and radio programs that Americans receive,yet gun violence in Canada is nearly one hundred times lower than that in the U.S.Clearly there is no significant relationship between media violence and real-life violence.We need to look elsewhere for solutions to real-life violence.

        16.The author cites the examples of ancient texts in the first paragraph to show that _______.

        A.ancient texts are just as violent as modern media

        B.ancient societies could be both peaceful and violent

        C.violence came into being long before modern media did

        D.there is more violence in ancient,works than in the media

        17.The author uses Japanese,Columbian and Canadian examples to show that real-life violence and media violence _______.

        A.are not related B.are not serious

        C.affect each other D.are directly related

        18.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the safest country is _______.

        A.Japan B.Canada

        C.Columbia D.the U.S.

        19.The phrase“reduces the chances of joining...”(para.2)may be replaced by _______.

        A.refuses to take part in B.adds to the number of

        C.avoids becoming one of D.decreases the number of

        20.According to the passage,those who are the least exposed to media violence are citizens of _______.

        A.Japan B.the U.S.

        C.Canada D.Columbia

        II.SPEED READING

        Skim or scan the following passages,and then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,I point each)

        Passage 5

        Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

        Laura House remembers the day with embarrassment.“Mom and I were on our way home after dinner when we stopped at an intersection,”she says.“When the light changed,the guy ahead of us was looking at a map of something and didn’t move right away.I leaned on my horn and automatically yelled.I didn’t even think about what I was doing.Mom’s jaw just dropped.She said,‘Well,I guess you’ve been living in the city too long.’That’s when I realized that my anger was out of control.”

        According to Carol Tavris,author of Anger:The Misunderstood Emotion,the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.She points out that almost no situation is improved by an angry outburst.Shouting,fuming,or leaning on the car horn won’t make traffic begin to flow,make the screen unlock or make keys appear.Patience,on the other hand,is a highly practical virtue.People who take the time to cool down before responding to an anger-producing situation are far less likely to say or do something they will regret later.

        Anger-management therapist Doris Wilde agrees.“Like any feeling,anger lasts only about three seconds,”she says.“What keeps it going is your own negative thinking.”As long as you focus on the idiot who cut you off on the expressway,you’ll stay angry.But if you let the incident go,your anger will go with it.“Once you come to understand that you’re driving your own anger with your thoughts,”adds Wilde,“you can stop it.”

        Experts who have studied anger also encourage people to cultivate activities that effectively release their anger.For some people,it’s reading newspapers or watching TV,while others need more active outlets(發(fā)泄渠道),such as taking a walk,hitting golf balls,or working out with a punching bag.People who succeed in calming their anger also enjoy the satisfaction of having dealt positively with their frustrations.

        For Laura House,her experience in the car with her mother was a wake-up call.“Once I saw what I was doing,it really wasn’t that hard to develop different habits.I simply decided I was going to treat other people the way I would want to be treated.I’m a calmer,happier person now,”she reports.

        21.The writer begins the passage by _______.

        A.giving an example B.making a comparison

        C.looking into causes D.quoting a famous person

        22.According to Carol Tavris,anger can be handled effectively ________.

        A.by remaining silent B.by listening to music

        C.through games and exercises D.through common sense and patience

        23.Doris Wilde believes that people stay angry ______.

        A.when traffic on the expressway is heavy

        B.when anger-causing incidents are serious

        C.because it takes time for them to calm down

        D.because they fail to look at things positively

        24.The sentence“if you let the incident go,your anger will go with it”(para.3)tells us that ______.

        A.anger depends on how serious the situation is

        B.people get carried away by unpleasant incidents

        C.anger disappears when people ignore the incident

        D.people won’t be angry without anger-causing incidents

        25.The passage mainly deals with ______.

        A.types of anger B.effects of anger

        C.causes of anger D.management of anger

        Passage 6

        Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

        Alcatraz Island,sometimes referred to as the Rock,is a small island located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California.It served as a lighthouse,then a military fortification(要塞),then a military prison followed by a federal prison until 1963.It became a national recreation area in 1972.Today,the island is a historic site operated by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to tourists.

        The first Spaniard to discover the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775,and the earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman,to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846 with the understanding that the former would build a lighthouse on it.Later that same year John C.Fremont bought the island for$5,000 in the name of the United States government.When California became part of the United States in 1848,the U.S.Army used the island as a military camp for the protection of San Francisco Bay.Later,the army decided to turn it into the site of detention(拘禁),a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation.In 1867 a brick jailhouse was built,and in 1868 Alcatraz was officially designated a long-term detention facility for military prisoners.On March 21,1907,Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western US Military Prison.

        Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold,strong,dangerous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay,Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861.In 1898,the Spanish-American war would increase the prison population from 26 to over 450.After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake,civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement.By 1912 there was a large cellhouse,and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at full capacity.The island became a federal prison in August 1934.During the 29 years it was in use,the jail held such notable criminals as A1 Capone,Robert Franklin Stroud(the Birdman of Alcatraz),James Bulger and Alvin Katpis,who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate.It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prison staff and their families,and no prisoner had ever successfully escaped from the island.

        26.Alcatraz Island was first used as ______.

        A.a lighthouse B.a federal prison

        C.a military prison D.a military fortification

        27.The first owner of Alcatraz Island is ______.

        A.Pio Pico B.Julian Workman

        C.John C.Fremont D.Juan Manuel de Ayala

        28.Alcatraz Island began to house civilian prisoners in ______.

        A.1867 B.1898

        C.1906 D.1907

        29.The U.S.Army first used Alcatraz Island as ______.

        A.a military camp B.a national park

        C.a civilian prison D.a military prison

        30.Alcatraz Island served as a federal prison between ______.

        A.1898 and 1912 B.1907 and 1934

        C.1912 and 1934 D.1934 and 1963

        III.DISCOURSE CLOZE

        The following is taken from the textbook.Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces(there are more suggested answers than necessary).Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each)

        My topic is the Constitution of the United States.Every year thousands of tourists visit the National Archives in Washington D.C.,to view the original document,which is on permanent display.(31)______.I shall deal with the background of the Constitution,the great Convention of 1787 that produced it,some of its leading principles and provisions,and the means by which(32)______.

        In 1775 the thirteen British colonies that were to become the United States stretched along the Atlantic Coast of North America.(33)______.Over the years the colonies had developed greatly.In 1775 they had a population of more than two millions.They enjoyed a large measure of self-government.Each colony had its own legislature(34)______.Each colony was separate from the others.They had in common a British cultural and political heritage,and all were subject

        to laws passed by Parliament and owed allegiance to the British Crown.

        (35)______.The American Revolution came because the colonies had grown stronger and were in less need of British support,because the people in them were less like Europeans than their ancestors had been,(36)______.Beginning in 1775 the Revolution continued for several years.With the aid of France the colonies won the war,and in 1783 Great Britain signed a treaty recognizing their independence.(37)______.

        Before the war ended,these thirteen states realized that they would need to work together in peacetime(38)______.In 1782 they put into effect a plan for unity under a federal system.This meant that each of the states would remain independent in many ways but would join with the others in a government that would be able to do things(39)______.Unfortunately this plan did not provide for a federal government strong enough to enable it to do what needed to be done.This became clear after a few years of experience.In 1786 a call went out to all the states inviting them to send delegates to a meeting(40)______.This meeting was the Constitutional Convention,a great turning point in American History.

        (From The Constitution of the United States)

        A.that individual states could not do by themselves with success

        B.The first had been established in 1607,the last in 1732

        C.to be sent to the thirteen states for approval

        D.composed of two houses and modeled after the British Parliament

        E.and because to the colonists it seemed that the British government meant to assume more and more control over them and to restrict their liberties

        F.This is the document that has shaped our national life for more than 180 years

        G.to be held in Philadelphia in the spring of 1787

        H.Meanwhile the thirteen new states had created the United States of America

        I.no more important meeting has been held in America

        J.it has been adapted over so long a time to the needs of a changing society

        K.as they had been forced to do in wartime

        L.Then came a revolt against British rule

        IV.WORD FORMATIONS

        Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the bracket.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each)

        41.(child)Much of my early ______ was spent with my aunt in the countryside.

        42.(confuse)The tourists made their way through the noise and _____ of the marketplace

        to their hotel.

        43.(simple)We think it necessary to ______ the procedure of application.

        44.(private)In the U.S.,where there are millions and millions of ________ owned

        automobiles,it is not easy to go downtown in the rush hour.

        45.(honest)Judy answered all the interviewers’questions with ______ and courage.

        46.(arrive)We enjoyed the golden autumn,but the ______ of winter made many of us

        feel depressed.

        47.(promote)Young males in particular tend to be keener on high pay and ______ than

        older people.

        48.(ignore)I didn’t like to ask him to explain more clearly,for I didn’t want to appear

        ______.

        49.(fashion)My mother disliked my new hat,though it was the latest style worn by

        ______ women in Paris.

        50.(rich)The professor emphasized that the goal of the course is to ______ our

        understanding of other cultures.

        V.GAP FILLING

        The following is taken from the textbook.Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box(there are more words than necessary).Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each)

        make，similar to，avoid，bring，tell，unless，until，which，contrary to，

        from，aware of,prone

        To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are(51)______,no superhuman genius is required.A few simple rules will keep you,not from all errors,but(52)______ silly errors.

        If the matter is one that can be settled by observation,make the observation yourself.Aristotle could have(53)______.the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men,by the simple device of asking Mrs.Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted.He did not do so because he thought he knew.Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake,to which we are all prone.I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles,because I have been(54)______ that they do;but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs,I should not commit myself(55)______I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet.Aristotle,however,was less cautious.Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders;not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.

        Many matters,however,are less easily(56)______ to the test of experience.If,like most of mankind,you have passionate convictions on many such matters,there are ways in which you can make yourself(57)______ your own bias.If an opinion(58)______ your own makes you angry,that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do.If someone maintains that two and two are five,or that Iceland is on the equator,you feel pity rather than anger,(59)______ you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction.The most savage controversies are those about matters as to(60)______ there is no good evidence either way.Persecution is used in theology,not in arithmetic,because in arithmetic there is knowledge,but in the theology there is only opinion.

        (From How to Avoid the Foolish Opinions)

        VI.SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

        The following questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper.Readthe passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,5 points each)

        61.Why does the author examine the historical roots of violence in the first paragraph?

        62.According to the author,what is the relationship between media violence and real-life violence?

        VII.TRANSLATION

        The following excerpt is taken from the textbook.Read the paragraphcarefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlinedparts.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,2 points each)

        (63)In your quest for success,enthusiasm means that you believe deeply in what the company is doing.You also believe that your job is important and contributes to the cause.It means that you’re willing to work your butt off(努力做事)to achieve the company’s goals.(64)Real enthusiasm is when you leap out of bed in the morning and attack your day full of energy.(65)You have zeal for the work you do and the people you work with.This pushes you to improve and become a better person.Enthusiasm means that you are stimulated by your work，and are able to find new challenges and keep growing professionally.(66)Furthermore,most jobs have some elements that are less fun and more difficult to carry out.This is where passion really comes into play.(67)When you love what you do,it isn’t too difficult to get mentally prepared and get the job done.The hard part is performing equally well in those less interesting tasks.

        (From Enthusiasm Leads to Success)

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