學位英語復習資料:垂懸結構詳解

       湖南自考網為大家整理了學位英語復習資料:垂懸結構詳解，供考生參考。

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        垂懸結構詳解

        ⒈垂懸分詞或分詞短語，如：

        ① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.

        這句子里的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(present participial phrase)修飾主語“several boars”是錯的;改正方法有二：

        (a)確定是邏輯主語，使句子變成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”

        (b)把現(xiàn)在分詞短語擴大為副詞分句(也稱狀語從句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”

        ⒉垂懸副詞短語，如：

        ② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

        這句的副詞短語(adverb phrase)和主語“the fish”有什么邏輯關系呢?真正的邏輯主語應該是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才對。改正方法和例①同：

        (a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.

        (b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

        ⒊垂懸不定式動詞短語，如：

        ③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.

        ④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

        這兩個句子的不定式動詞短語(infinitive phrases)并不能修飾“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主語必須是“ 人”，如：

        (a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.

        (b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.

        上述三類垂懸結構中，類發(fā)生的頻率，必須注意。但是在下列三種情況下，分詞短語是對的，它們并非垂懸結構：

        ，獨立結構(The Absolute Construction，見3月7日《中英合談》)中的分詞短語有自己的主語，所以不是垂懸結構。例如：

        ① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.

        第二，當分詞含有介詞或連詞性質時，它不需要邏輯主語，所以沒有垂懸問題存在。例如：

        ② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.

        ③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.

        第三，當分詞短語是用來表示說話者的態(tài)度或意見時，也不需要邏輯主語，因此也不存在著垂懸問題。例如：

        ④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.

        ⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.

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